The Chicago manual of style
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by
Dewey. Bellow. Strauss. Friedman. The University of Chicago has been the home of some of the most important thinkers of the modern age. But perhaps no name has been spoken with more respect than Turabian. The dissertation secretary at Chicago for decades, Kate Turabian literally wrote the book on the successful completion and submission of the student paper. Her Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, created from her years of experience with research projects across all fields, has sold more than seven million copies since it was first published in 1937. Now, with this seventh edition, Turabian’s Manual has undergone its most extensive revision, ensuring that it will remain the most valuable handbook for writers at every level—from first-year undergraduates, to dissertation writers apprehensively submitting final manuscripts, to senior scholars who may be old hands at research and writing but less familiar with new media citation styles. Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and the late Wayne C. Booth—the gifted team behind The Craft of Research—and the University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff combined their wide-ranging expertise to remake this classic resource. They preserve Turabian’s clear and practical advice while fully embracing the new modes of research, writing, and source citation brought about by the age of the Internet. Booth, Colomb, and Williams significantly expand the scope of previous editions by creating a guide, generous in length and tone, to the art of research and writing. Growing out of the authors’ best-selling Craft of Research, this new section provides students with an overview of every step of the research and writing process, from formulating the right questions to reading critically to building arguments and revising drafts. This leads naturally to the second part of the Manual for Writers, which offers an authoritative overview of citation practices in scholarly writing, as well as detailed information on the two main citation styles (“notes-bibliography” and “author-date”). This section has been fully revised to reflect the recommendations of the fifteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style and to present an expanded array of source types and updated examples, including guidance on citing electronic sources. The final section of the book treats issues of style—the details that go into making a strong paper. Here writers will find advice on a wide range of topics, including punctuation, table formatting, and use of quotations. The appendix draws together everything writers need to know about formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and preparing them for submission. This material has been thoroughly vetted by dissertation officials at colleges and universities across the country. This seventh edition of Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a classic reference revised for a new age. It is tailored to a new generation of writers using tools its original author could not have imagined—while retaining the clarity and authority that generations of scholars have come to associate with the name Turabian.
Print sources that you find on the shelves in the library won't have DOI (Digital Object Identifiers) or URLs for you to list in their citations. That's okay, just list the information you have about the source's publication.
When you access a source online, be sure to include information about where you found it. If the article has a DOI, include this. If not, or if it is a source for which a DOI does not apply (eBooks or Websites), list the URL.
Look for a stable or permanent URL to list with your citations for articles and books you find in library databases, as the URL generated in your address bar doesn't always work a few hours or days later.
Author(s). “Article Title.” Journal Title volume number, no. issue (Year): pages. Doi: DOI.
Lorenzo, David. “Temple Burning in Modern Prague.” Classic Modernism 102, no. 2(2005): 150-74. doi:10.1086/591611.
1. Author(s), “Article Title,” Journal Title volume number, no. issue (Month Year): page range used, URL/DOI.
1. David Lorenzo, “Temple Burning in Modern Prague,” Classic Modernism 102, no. 2 (2005): 150-52. doi: 10.1086/591611.
Author(s). “Article Title.” Newspaper Title, Publication Date.
Holmes, Trisha. “Visiting Professor Lectures on Art History.” The Chicago Tribune, Feb. 25, 2009.
1. Author(s), “Article Title,” Newspaper Title, Publication Date.
1. Trisha Holmes, “Visiting Professor Lectures on Art History,” The Chicago Tribune, Feb. 25, 2009:
For regional newspapers only: include city and state abbreviation in parenthesis after the title.
Author(s). Book Title. Location: Publisher, Year.
Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.
1. Author(s), Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year), page range used.
1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 111-15.
Author(s). “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by Editor(s), pages of chapter. Location, Publisher, Publication Date.
Gould, Glenn. “Streisand as Schwarzkopf.” In The Glenn Gould Reader, edited by Tim Page, 308-11. New York: Vintage, 1984.
1. Author(s), “Chapter Title” in Book Title, ed. Editor(s) (Location: Publisher, Publication Date), page(s) used.
1. Glenn Gould, “Streisand as Schwarzkopf,” in The Glenn Gould Reader, ed. Tim Page (New York: Vintage, 1984), 310.
Before you cite your website, make sure its not one of the following:
These types of sources need to be cited primarly as their format type, while mentioning that they were found online. Websites, on the otherhand, are primarly cited as being websites.
Author(s). “Title of Web Page.” Publisher or Website Name. Publication Date. URL.
Long, Sue. “Cat Care: Cats and Babies.” American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Accessed July 19, 2008. http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care.
1. Author(s), “Webpage Title,” Publisher or Website Name, Publication Date, URL.
1. Sue Long, “Cat Care: Cats and Babies,” American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Accessed July 19, 2008, http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care.
Interviews you conduct including face-to-face and telephone conversations, letters, e-mails or text messages are usually not cited in your bibliography, only in your notes in Chicago style. You can include the person's expertise in parenthesis after their name to clarify why you interviewed them, but this is not required.
11. Name of person interviewed (trade or area of expertise if applicable) interviewed by name of interviewer, date.
13. John Smith (Historian) in discussion with the author, February 2004.
Published interviews should be cited as an interview within the larger work in which they were published, much like journals or book chapters. Begin the citation with the person interviewed. If the interview is titled, include it in quotation marks. If the interview doesn't have a title, type Interview with Interviewer's name. Then include publication information for the book, journal, television or radio program.
PDF handout made by Grafton Library. This handout is also available in print by the reference desk.
Alphabetize your citations, use a hanging indent on the second and subsequent lines, single space your entries and place one empty space between them, and title your list: Bibliography.
List authors as ordered in your source. In the Bibliography only, reverse the first author’s name for alphabetizing (Last name, then first name separated by a comma). If multiple authors, separate names with commas and connect the second to last and last author’s names with and.
Book, Journal, Newspaper and Website titles are italicized.
Capitalize the first word, the last word and all principal words of the title. Basically, everything but words like; a, an, and, as, against, between, but, for, in, nor, of, or, the, to, so, yet, or to.
For locations, give only the city name.
When you can’t find a Publication Date, include the date you accessed the source.
Do not repeat the hundreds digit in page ranges if it does not change.
The first line of notes should be indented ½ inch. All following lines should be flush left. Single space your notes and leave an empty line between them.
The first time you cite a source you need to include a full footnote for the source, as shown above. The second and subsequent times you cite the same source, you can include a brief note that includes only the author’s last name, a shortened version of the title and the page you’re referencing.
12. Pollan, Omnivore’s Dilemma, 115.